2.6 Security Implications of Embedded and Specialized Systems

Embedded Systems

Specialized computing system that performs specific, dedicated functions within a larger mechanical or electrical system

SoC (system on a chip) = multiple components running on a single chip

SCADA/ICS = SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) and ICS (Industrial Control Systems) are types of control systems used in industrial, infrastructure, or facility-based processes. - SCADA is typically used for remote monitoring and control. They consist of a central supervisory system that communicates with remote terminal units (RTUs) and programmable logic controllers (PLCs) to control and monitor field devices. - ICS encompasses various types of control systems, including SCADA systems, distributed control systems (DCS), and other smaller control system configurations.

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Embedded Systems Communication

5G = fifth generation cellular network technology, significantly higher speed, lower latency, and greater capacity

SIM card = used to provide information to a cellular network provider

Narrowband = communicate analog signals over a narrow range of frequencies, over a longer distance - many IoT devices can communicate over long distances

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Embedded Systems Constraints

-not usually a fully capable computer -have limited or missing features -limits in communication options -upgradability limitations -may not have access to a main power source -low-power CPUs are limited in speed -cost and heat consideration -limited hardware options for cryptography features -low cost may affect product quality, limited access to the hardware and software -difficult to verify the security posture

A trade off is that they are low cost systems and has unique management challenges.